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What is an Event Type?

Descriptions of Event Types and how they are created

An Event Type, or Classifier, is a machine learning model designed to identify and surface documents and events on a particular topic. When searching, this lets you quickly narrow down to a more relevant set of results without the need of complex booleans (and with greater accuracy).

The Event Types dropdown can be found at the end of the search bar:

When an Event Type matches up to an event, the corresponding Event Type will be displayed underneath the event on the Feed:

To understand the context of the mention, navigate to the event overview page, click on the classifier, and the classifier context box will pop up:

Current Classifiers/Event Types

Company Leadership Changes: This Event Type focuses on new executive and board of directors hires, fires, and dismissals. This Event Type has been trained to surface this activity across all of our Tracked Organizations.

Corruption - This event type focuses on the following sub-topics within "corruption":

Term

Definition

Bribery

The act of giving, attempting to give, or offering a bribe in exchange for certain favors

Misappropriation of funds

The intentional and illegal use of money for a purpose distinct from its intended function

Racketeer

The consistent and organized act of earning money illegally

Trafficking

To deal or trade in something illegal

Laundering

The concealment of the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses.

Influence peddling

Influence peddling is the illegal practice of using one's influence in government or connections with persons in authority to obtain favors or preferential treatment for another, usually in return for payment. Also called traffic of influence or trading in influence.

Embezzlement

Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer

Extortion

The practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats

Cybersecurity: This Event Type focuses on the inability of a company to prevent a malicious act against information systems that compromises company-secured data. This Event Type has been trained to surface this activity across all of our Tracked Organizations.

Diplomacy: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Sanctions

  • Summits

  • Mentions of foreign ministers, ambassadors, embassies or envoys

  • Trade news (if foreign ministry or US DoS is involved)

  • Peace talks

  • Diplomatic recognition

  • Non-military tensions between countries

  • Foreign weapons deals

  • Foreign aid

  • JCPOA / North Korea Summits Negotiations

  • TPP/Trade War Type Negotiations

  • Extradition

Topics including:

  • Military posturing

  • Military activity

  • Multinational military training exercises that include foreign officials

  • Missile testing

  • Foreign defense spending

  • Trade news

  • Opinion articles / book reviews

  • Congressional delegations / debates

  • Historical diplomacy

  • News about protests

Disputed Information: This Event Type was designed to detect disputes across a span of coverage, from foreign affairs and politics to sports, pop culture, and legal proceedings. Primer has defined disputes to exist when at least 2 diametrically opposing claims are in a document. The claims Primer identifies are extracted sentences that are designed to describe what the dispute is about.

Disputes of opinion were omitted, and the classifier is trained only to identify factual disputed information.

Economics and Trade: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Regional and bilateral trade agreements Infrastructure projects (ie Aswan Dam, Belt and Road projects)

  • Foreign direct investment

  • Activity of state owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds

  • Sanctions

  • Tariffs and other trade barriers

  • Major shifts in foreign exchange rates, oil prices, GDP, etc if there’s an impacted on public finances / ability to project power

  • Currency manipulation

  • Development relevant to international finance and development banks, such as the IMF, WHO and the Asian Infrastructure Development Bank.

  • Central bank actions, such as change in interest rates

  • Market news that mentions sanctions, trade conflicts or trade agreements

Topics including:

  • Anything related to the funding of individual terrorist / criminal organizations

  • Market news without a clear foreign policy nexus

  • Domestic business news that does not have a major impact on macroeconomic trends Humanitarian aid

  • Corporate activity with national security implications

  • Military spending

  • Stories about strategic stockpiles, such as food or oil reserves

Fraud: This Event Type focuses on actions by a company or its employees that violate labor laws or requirements. Additionally, actions by an employee to illegally benefit personally at the expense of a company or its customers has also been included. This Event Type has been trained to surface this activity across all of our Tracked Organizations.

Illicit Finance: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Illegal activity used to fund terrorists organizations or operations (ie Hezbollah drug trafficking)

  • Descriptions of methods for bypassing sanctions

  • Setting up front companies or shell corporations

  • Tax havens

  • Smuggling to bypass sanctions

  • Piracy

  • State funding of terrorist groups

  • Corporate / technological espionage (ie China stealing trade secrets)

  • SWIFT / alternative international funds transfer protocols (in connection with funding of terrorist / criminal groups)

  • Illegal mining activity

  • Cryptocurrency

Topics including:

  • Market news without a clear foreign policy nexus

  • Domestic business news that does not have a major impact on macroeconomic trends

  • Macroeconomic news that does not clearly relate to the funding of an individual organization

Information Operations: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Foreign disinformation campaigns, including election meddling; state-backed “smear campaigns”

  • Foreign-backed advertisements with a political agenda

  • Government-directed public diplomacy efforts

  • Foreign-backed fake news and fake social media accounts

  • Censorship or the suppression of journalists and/or free speech

  • News about state-run media

  • Strategic communications plans for government and international organizations

  • An international actor making allegations about or casting blame on another international actor in cases where facts are in doubt

  • Denials / disputes of facts about human rights violations (with proof)

  • Foreign attempts to influence companies / cultural organizations (Confucius Institutes, references to Taiwan)

Topics including:

  • International actors casting blame if facts are not in dispute

  • Foreign-backed commercial advertisements

  • Cyber activities unrelated to disinformation

  • News by state-run media (the classifier is looking for content about information operations, not the operations themselves)

  • Strategic messaging by corporations

  • US domestic political debates / messaging

Intelligence: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • News coverage of intelligence assessments or the activities of intelligence operations

  • Cyber attacks, hacking, or online disinformation campaigns if an intelligence service is involved

  • Intelligence service leadership appointments

  • Expulsion or prosecution of foreign nationals due to espionage charges, or accusations of spying

  • Counterintelligence investigations.

  • Legal matters that impact intelligence operations, including FISA

  • Activities of private intelligence firms if there is a national security nexus

  • Coverage of businesses with CFIUS concerns or connections to foreign intelligence services

  • Disclosure of classified material

  • Covert actions and paramilitary operations

Topics including:

  • Intelligence operations in a historical context

  • News events related to former intelligence officials (i.e. Mike Pompeo after transitioning to the Secretary of State role)

  • Activities of private intelligence firms if there is not a national security nexus

  • Criminal cyber attacks that are not state sponsored

  • Conspiracy theories related to intelligence services, unless they are part of state sponsored information operations

Law Enforcement: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Policies related to extradition

  • International border enforcement by immigration or border enforcement entities (not militaries)

  • Law enforcement actions related to international drug trafficking

  • Use of law enforcement or domestic security services to disrupt plots by international terrorist organizations (does not include domestic terrorism)

  • Legislation and judicial opinions (domestic and international) that related to law enforcement

  • Cybercrime that is not state sponsored, but involves international actors

  • Use of law enforcement to disrupt anti-government protests abroad

  • Lodging of diplomatic complaints related to policing

  • Counter human trafficking operations by law enforcement

  • Police suppression / intimidation of journalists ​International Surveillance under FISA section 702 (e.g. the FBI does surveillance in cooperation with State Department for WMDs, narcotics)

  • International hostage negotiation

  • Foreign police use of facial recognition software

Topics including:

  • Domestic law enforcement actions or criminal investigations that do not have implications for international relations

  • Graft, corruption or financial crimes

  • US immigration policy (i.e. DACA, the border wall)

  • State-sponsored cyber attacks

  • Coverage of protests that do not mention police War crimes

Mergers & Acquisitions: This Event Type focuses on the following definitions for an "Acquisition" and "Merger":

Acquisition - A company acquires, takes over, buys, purchases, purchases stake in a separate company, corporation, business, firm, enterprise, organization, entity. An acquisition occurs when the acquiring company obtains more than 50% ownership in the target company. As part of the exchange, the acquiring company often purchases the target company's stock and other assets.

Merger - Company agrees to merge, absorb with another company, corporation, business, firm, enterprise, organization, entity Speculation of Acquisition - speculation of acquisition activity by the company (e.g. they may be attempting to acquire another company) or of the company (e.g. another company may be attempting to acquire them).

This Event Type has been trained to surface this activity across all of our Tracked Organizations

Military: This Event Type was trained to consider the factors from the "Yes" column, and to not consider any factors from the "No" column.

Yes

No

Topics including:

  • Use of force against state or non-state actors

  • Military threats and warnings

  • Joint military exercises

  • Training or advisory missions and foreign internal defense

  • Security cooperation programs, such as military alliances

  • Space activity that has military nexus

  • Cyber Warfare

  • Peace talks related to ongoing military conflicts

  • Military occupations of disputed territory

  • Coups conducted by a military

  • Armed activity by terrorist/rebel groups (ie Taliban, ISIS) that look more like guerilla warfare/conventional military operations than terrorist activity Embassy rocket attacks

  • Psyops / Military Information

  • Support Operations

Topics including:

  • Military activity mentioned in a historical context

  • Ceremonial military parades

  • International law enforcement / policing support (law enforcement)

  • Humanitarian issues (such as killing of civilians) that are not linked to military activity

  • Terrorist attacks (law enforcement / intelligence)

Outsourcing or Non-U.S. Company: This Event Type will capture a company’s relationship with a foreign entity through its supply chain. Examples would include a company with overseas production facilities, manufactures, or suppliers. Additionally, examples that mention a company with foreign subsidiaries, manufacturers, or suppliers should be included. Positive examples should include a company name and an indication that the company operates either directly in a foreign country as part of its supply chain (e.g., an overseas plant or production facility) or through a third party supplier located in another country.

Poor Financial Performance: This Event Type will capture all indications of poor financial performance of a company. Poor financial performance is a situation in which a company experiences poor revenue or cash flow issues. A company cannot meet its debt covenants if it is performing poorly. Having to use credit facilities another example of poor financial performance. Additional indicators include issuance of profit warning, forecasts of poor cash flow, issuances of new equity shares and bonds, indications of debt levels and short selling or short seller reports.

Strategic Partnership: This Event Type will capture all new partnerships including new alliances, new strategic partnerships and joint ventures that a vendor has been involved in. A new partnership event is defined when a company establishes, agrees to, enters partnership, announces partnership with another company, corporation, business, firm, enterprise, organization or entity. Alliances may include outsourcing, affiliate marketing, technology licensing, product licensing, franchising, and distribution relationships. Joint ventures are formalized through contractual agreement and result in creation of a separate business entity. The event type will identify new partnerships rather than identify existing partnerships. The acquisition of one company by another does not constitute a new partnership.

Third Party Risk: This Event Type will identify risks associated with a third party vendor, contractor, or subcontractor. Risks would include but not limited to cybersecurity breaches, fraudulent or criminal activity, or corruption. The goal of the Third Party Risk event type is to identify indirect risks to a supply chain. That is, risk that may arise in an organization that is not directly associated with the company in focus but could nonetheless be exposed to the risk of another organization indirectly linked.

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